BIOL 475: Molecular Mechanisms of Trait Variation

Biology · 3 credits

This seminar course explores scientific research on the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which naturally occurring variation in genes results in medically, agriculturally, and evolutionarily important trait variation.

Not offered in the listed terms.

Catalog entry Browse Classes Textbooks (WWU Bookstore)

Prerequisites

BIOL 321

Prerequisite tree

Each course's own prerequisites, down to the first courses in the chain.

BIOL 321 Genetics
requires BIOL 327 and (BIOL 340 or MATH 240 or ANTH 355 or BNS 301 or ESCI 340)
- BIOL 327 Fundamentals of Molecular Biology
  requires BIOL 205 and CHEM 351
  - BIOL 205 Introduction to Cellular and Molecular Biology w/lab
    requires BIOL 204 and (CHEM 121 or CHEM 161 or CHEM 125 or CHEM 175) and (CHEM 122 or CHEM 162 or CHEM 126 or CHEM 176)
    - BIOL 204 Introduction to Evolution, Ecology and Biodiversity w/lab
      requires (CHEM 121 or CHEM 161) or (CHEM 125 or CHEM 175)
      - CHEM 161 General Chemistry I
        requires MATH 114 or MATH 156 or MATH 118 or MATH 124 or MATH 125 or MATH 134 or MATH 135 or MATH 138 or MATH 115 or MATH 157 or MPT - Advanced - Scaled Score, score 149 or MPT General - Scaled Score, score 158 or Precalculus AP Exam (AP65), score 4 or Calculus AB AP Exam (AP66), score 2 or Calculus BC AP Exam (AP68), score 3 or Calc AB Subscore AP Exm (AP69), score 2 or Pre-Calculus 1 (PC1), score 1.70 or Pre-Calculus 2 (PC2), score 1.70 or Pre-Calculus (PC), score 1.70 or ALEKS Math Placement Assessmnt, score 65
        MATH 114 Precalculus I
        requires MPT General - Scaled Score, score 153 or MPT - Advanced - Scaled Score, score 143 or ALEKS Math Placement Assessmnt, score 55 or MATH 112 or Precalculus AP Exam (AP65), score 3 or College Algebra (CA), score 1.70 or Pre-Calculus 1 (PC1), score 1.70 (continues on its page)
        MATH 156 Algebra With Applications to Business and Economics
        requires MPT General - Scaled Score, score 152 or MPT - Advanced - Scaled Score, score 143 or ALEKS Math Placement Assessmnt, score 55 or Precalculus AP Exam (AP65), score 3 or College Algebra (CA), score 1.70 or Pre-Calculus 1 (PC1), score 1.70 or MATH 112 (continues on its page)
        MATH 118 Accelerated Precalculus
        requires MPT General - Scaled Score, score 158 or MPT - Advanced - Scaled Score, score 149 or Precalculus AP Exam (AP65), score 4 or Calculus AB AP Exam (AP66), score 2 or Calculus BC AP Exam (AP68), score 3 or Calc AB Subscore AP Exm (AP69), score 2 or ALEKS Math Placement Assessmnt, score 70
        MATH 124 Calculus and Analytic Geometry I
        requires MPT - Advanced - Scaled Score, score 153 or MATH 115 or MATH 118 or Precalculus AP Exam (AP65), score 5 or Calculus BC AP Exam (AP68), score 3 or Calculus AB AP Exam (AP66), score 2 or Calc AB Subscore AP Exm (AP69), score 2 or Pre-Calculus 2 (PC2), score 2.30 or ALEKS Math Placement Assessmnt, score 80 (continues on its page)
        MATH 125 Calculus and Analytic Geometry II
        requires MATH 124 or MATH 134 or Calculus AB AP Exam (AP66), score 4 or Calculus BC AP Exam (AP68), score 3 or Calc AB Subscore AP Exm (AP69), score 4 (continues on its page)
        MATH 134 Calculus I Honors
        requires MATH 115 (minimum grade A) or MATH 118 (minimum grade A) or Math Placement - Advanced 2, score 20 or Precalculus AP Exam (AP65), score 5 (continues on its page)
        MATH 135 Calculus II Honors
        MATH 138 Accelerated Calculus
        requires Calculus AB AP Exam (AP66), score 4 or Calculus BC AP Exam (AP68), score 3 or Calc AB Subscore AP Exm (AP69), score 4 or (Calculus BC AP Exam (AP68), score 2 and Calc AB Subscore AP Exm (AP69), score 3)
        MATH 115 Precalculus II
        requires MATH 114 or Precalculus AP Exam (AP65), score 4 or ALEKS Math Placement Assessmnt, score 65 (continues on its page)
        MATH 157 Calculus with Applications to Business and Economics
        requires MPT - Advanced - Scaled Score, score 148 or MATH 156 or MATH 114 or MATH 118 or Pre-Calculus 2 (PC2), score 2.30 or ALEKS Math Placement Assessmnt, score 65 or Pre-Calculus 1 (PC1), score 2.3 or Pre-Calculus (PC), score 2.3 or Precalculus AP Exam (AP65), score 4 or Calculus AB AP Exam (AP66), score 2 or Calculus BC AP Exam (AP68), score 3 or Calc AB Subscore AP Exm (AP69), score 2 (continues on its page)
      - CHEM 175 General Chemistry I, Honors
        requires MATH 114 or MATH 115 or MATH 118 or MATH 124 or MATH 125 or MATH 134 or MATH 135 or MATH 138 or MATH 156 or MATH 157 or Pre-Calculus 1 (PC1), score 1.70 or Pre-Calculus 2 (PC2), score 1.70 or Pre-Calculus (PC), score 1.70 or Precalculus AP Exam (AP65), score 4 or Calculus AB AP Exam (AP66), score 2 or Calculus BC AP Exam (AP68), score 3 or Calc AB Subscore AP Exm (AP69), score 2 or MPT General - Scaled Score, score 158 or MPT - Advanced - Scaled Score, score 149 or ALEKS Math Placement Assessmnt, score 65
        MATH 114 Precalculus I (shown above)
        MATH 115 Precalculus II (shown above)
        MATH 118 Accelerated Precalculus (shown above)
        MATH 124 Calculus and Analytic Geometry I (shown above)
        MATH 125 Calculus and Analytic Geometry II (shown above)
        MATH 134 Calculus I Honors (shown above)
        MATH 135 Calculus II Honors (shown above)
        MATH 138 Accelerated Calculus (shown above)
        MATH 156 Algebra With Applications to Business and Economics (shown above)
        MATH 157 Calculus with Applications to Business and Economics (shown above)
    - CHEM 161 General Chemistry I
      requires MATH 114 or MATH 156 or MATH 118 or MATH 124 or MATH 125 or MATH 134 or MATH 135 or MATH 138 or MATH 115 or MATH 157 or MPT - Advanced - Scaled Score, score 149 or MPT General - Scaled Score, score 158 or Precalculus AP Exam (AP65), score 4 or Calculus AB AP Exam (AP66), score 2 or Calculus BC AP Exam (AP68), score 3 or Calc AB Subscore AP Exm (AP69), score 2 or Pre-Calculus 1 (PC1), score 1.70 or Pre-Calculus 2 (PC2), score 1.70 or Pre-Calculus (PC), score 1.70 or ALEKS Math Placement Assessmnt, score 65
      - MATH 114 Precalculus I
        requires MPT General - Scaled Score, score 153 or MPT - Advanced - Scaled Score, score 143 or ALEKS Math Placement Assessmnt, score 55 or MATH 112 or Precalculus AP Exam (AP65), score 3 or College Algebra (CA), score 1.70 or Pre-Calculus 1 (PC1), score 1.70
        MATH 112 Functions and Algebraic Methods
        requires MPT - Advanced - Scaled Score, score 143 or MATH 099 (minimum grade YP) or College Algebra (CA), score 1.70 or Intermediate Algebra (IA), score 1.70 or MPT General - Scaled Score, score 148 or ALEKS Math Placement Assessmnt, score 35 or Precalculus AP Exam (AP65), score 2 or MATH 197C (minimum grade S) or MATH 109 (minimum grade S) (continues on its page)
      - MATH 156 Algebra With Applications to Business and Economics
        requires MPT General - Scaled Score, score 152 or MPT - Advanced - Scaled Score, score 143 or ALEKS Math Placement Assessmnt, score 55 or Precalculus AP Exam (AP65), score 3 or College Algebra (CA), score 1.70 or Pre-Calculus 1 (PC1), score 1.70 or MATH 112
        MATH 112 Functions and Algebraic Methods (shown above)
      - MATH 118 Accelerated Precalculus
        requires MPT General - Scaled Score, score 158 or MPT - Advanced - Scaled Score, score 149 or Precalculus AP Exam (AP65), score 4 or Calculus AB AP Exam (AP66), score 2 or Calculus BC AP Exam (AP68), score 3 or Calc AB Subscore AP Exm (AP69), score 2 or ALEKS Math Placement Assessmnt, score 70
      - MATH 124 Calculus and Analytic Geometry I
        requires MPT - Advanced - Scaled Score, score 153 or MATH 115 or MATH 118 or Precalculus AP Exam (AP65), score 5 or Calculus BC AP Exam (AP68), score 3 or Calculus AB AP Exam (AP66), score 2 or Calc AB Subscore AP Exm (AP69), score 2 or Pre-Calculus 2 (PC2), score 2.30 or ALEKS Math Placement Assessmnt, score 80
        MATH 115 Precalculus II (shown above)
        MATH 118 Accelerated Precalculus (shown above)
      - MATH 125 Calculus and Analytic Geometry II
        requires MATH 124 or MATH 134 or Calculus AB AP Exam (AP66), score 4 or Calculus BC AP Exam (AP68), score 3 or Calc AB Subscore AP Exm (AP69), score 4
        MATH 124 Calculus and Analytic Geometry I (shown above)
        MATH 134 Calculus I Honors (shown above)
      - MATH 134 Calculus I Honors
        requires MATH 115 (minimum grade A) or MATH 118 (minimum grade A) or Math Placement - Advanced 2, score 20 or Precalculus AP Exam (AP65), score 5
        MATH 115 Precalculus II (shown above)
        MATH 118 Accelerated Precalculus (shown above)
      - MATH 135 Calculus II Honors
      - MATH 138 Accelerated Calculus
        requires Calculus AB AP Exam (AP66), score 4 or Calculus BC AP Exam (AP68), score 3 or Calc AB Subscore AP Exm (AP69), score 4 or (Calculus BC AP Exam (AP68), score 2 and Calc AB Subscore AP Exm (AP69), score 3)
      - MATH 115 Precalculus II
        requires MATH 114 or Precalculus AP Exam (AP65), score 4 or ALEKS Math Placement Assessmnt, score 65
        MATH 114 Precalculus I (shown above)
      - MATH 157 Calculus with Applications to Business and Economics
        requires MPT - Advanced - Scaled Score, score 148 or MATH 156 or MATH 114 or MATH 118 or Pre-Calculus 2 (PC2), score 2.30 or ALEKS Math Placement Assessmnt, score 65 or Pre-Calculus 1 (PC1), score 2.3 or Pre-Calculus (PC), score 2.3 or Precalculus AP Exam (AP65), score 4 or Calculus AB AP Exam (AP66), score 2 or Calculus BC AP Exam (AP68), score 3 or Calc AB Subscore AP Exm (AP69), score 2
        MATH 156 Algebra With Applications to Business and Economics (shown above)
        MATH 114 Precalculus I (shown above)
        MATH 118 Accelerated Precalculus (shown above)
    - CHEM 175 General Chemistry I, Honors
      requires MATH 114 or MATH 115 or MATH 118 or MATH 124 or MATH 125 or MATH 134 or MATH 135 or MATH 138 or MATH 156 or MATH 157 or Pre-Calculus 1 (PC1), score 1.70 or Pre-Calculus 2 (PC2), score 1.70 or Pre-Calculus (PC), score 1.70 or Precalculus AP Exam (AP65), score 4 or Calculus AB AP Exam (AP66), score 2 or Calculus BC AP Exam (AP68), score 3 or Calc AB Subscore AP Exm (AP69), score 2 or MPT General - Scaled Score, score 158 or MPT - Advanced - Scaled Score, score 149 or ALEKS Math Placement Assessmnt, score 65
      - MATH 114 Precalculus I (shown above)
      - MATH 115 Precalculus II (shown above)
      - MATH 118 Accelerated Precalculus (shown above)
      - MATH 124 Calculus and Analytic Geometry I (shown above)
      - MATH 125 Calculus and Analytic Geometry II (shown above)
      - MATH 134 Calculus I Honors (shown above)
      - MATH 135 Calculus II Honors (shown above)
      - MATH 138 Accelerated Calculus (shown above)
      - MATH 156 Algebra With Applications to Business and Economics (shown above)
      - MATH 157 Calculus with Applications to Business and Economics (shown above)
    - CHEM 162 General Chemistry II
      requires CHEM 121 or CHEM 161
      - CHEM 161 General Chemistry I (shown above)
    - CHEM 176 General Chemistry II, Honors
      requires CHEM 175
      - CHEM 175 General Chemistry I, Honors (shown above)
  - CHEM 351 Organic Chemistry
    requires (CHEM 123 or CHEM 163) or CHEM 225
    - CHEM 163 General Chemistry III
      requires CHEM 122 or CHEM 162
      - CHEM 162 General Chemistry II (shown above)
    - CHEM 225 General Chemistry III, Honors
      requires CHEM 126 or CHEM 176
      - CHEM 176 General Chemistry II, Honors (shown above)
- BIOL 340 Biostatistics
  requires MATH 124 or MATH 134 or Calculus AB AP Exam (AP66), score 4 or Calculus BC AP Exam (AP68), score 3 or Calc AB Subscore AP Exm (AP69), score 4
  - MATH 124 Calculus and Analytic Geometry I
    requires MPT - Advanced - Scaled Score, score 153 or MATH 115 or MATH 118 or Precalculus AP Exam (AP65), score 5 or Calculus BC AP Exam (AP68), score 3 or Calculus AB AP Exam (AP66), score 2 or Calc AB Subscore AP Exm (AP69), score 2 or Pre-Calculus 2 (PC2), score 2.30 or ALEKS Math Placement Assessmnt, score 80
    - MATH 115 Precalculus II
      requires MATH 114 or Precalculus AP Exam (AP65), score 4 or ALEKS Math Placement Assessmnt, score 65
      - MATH 114 Precalculus I (shown above)
    - MATH 118 Accelerated Precalculus
      requires MPT General - Scaled Score, score 158 or MPT - Advanced - Scaled Score, score 149 or Precalculus AP Exam (AP65), score 4 or Calculus AB AP Exam (AP66), score 2 or Calculus BC AP Exam (AP68), score 3 or Calc AB Subscore AP Exm (AP69), score 2 or ALEKS Math Placement Assessmnt, score 70
  - MATH 134 Calculus I Honors
    requires MATH 115 (minimum grade A) or MATH 118 (minimum grade A) or Math Placement - Advanced 2, score 20 or Precalculus AP Exam (AP65), score 5
    - MATH 115 Precalculus II (shown above)
    - MATH 118 Accelerated Precalculus (shown above)
- MATH 240 Introduction to Statistics
  requires MATH 112 or MPT - Advanced - Scaled Score, score 143 or MPT General - Scaled Score, score 147 or Precalculus AP Exam (AP65), score 2 or Calculus BC AP Exam (AP68), score 2 or Calculus AB AP Exam (AP66), score 2 or Calc AB Subscore AP Exm (AP69), score 2 or Pre-Calculus 1 (PC1), score 1.70 or Pre-Calculus 2 (PC2), score 1.70 or ALEKS Math Placement Assessmnt, score 35 or College Algebra (CA), score 1.70
  - MATH 112 Functions and Algebraic Methods
    requires MPT - Advanced - Scaled Score, score 143 or MATH 099 (minimum grade YP) or College Algebra (CA), score 1.70 or Intermediate Algebra (IA), score 1.70 or MPT General - Scaled Score, score 148 or ALEKS Math Placement Assessmnt, score 35 or Precalculus AP Exam (AP65), score 2 or MATH 197C (minimum grade S) or MATH 109 (minimum grade S)
    - MATH 099 Introductory Algebra
      requires ALEKS Math Placement Assessmnt, score 1
    - MATH 197C Support Topics for Functions and Algebraic Methods
      requires ALEKS Math Placement Assessmnt, score 30
    - MATH 109 Support for Functions and Algebraic Methods
      requires ALEKS Math Placement Assessmnt, score 30
- BNS 301 Statistics for Neuroscience
  requires (CHEM 161 or CHEM 175) and (PSY 220 or HNRS 207)
  - CHEM 161 General Chemistry I
    requires MATH 114 or MATH 156 or MATH 118 or MATH 124 or MATH 125 or MATH 134 or MATH 135 or MATH 138 or MATH 115 or MATH 157 or MPT - Advanced - Scaled Score, score 149 or MPT General - Scaled Score, score 158 or Precalculus AP Exam (AP65), score 4 or Calculus AB AP Exam (AP66), score 2 or Calculus BC AP Exam (AP68), score 3 or Calc AB Subscore AP Exm (AP69), score 2 or Pre-Calculus 1 (PC1), score 1.70 or Pre-Calculus 2 (PC2), score 1.70 or Pre-Calculus (PC), score 1.70 or ALEKS Math Placement Assessmnt, score 65
    - MATH 114 Precalculus I
      requires MPT General - Scaled Score, score 153 or MPT - Advanced - Scaled Score, score 143 or ALEKS Math Placement Assessmnt, score 55 or MATH 112 or Precalculus AP Exam (AP65), score 3 or College Algebra (CA), score 1.70 or Pre-Calculus 1 (PC1), score 1.70
      - MATH 112 Functions and Algebraic Methods (shown above)
    - MATH 156 Algebra With Applications to Business and Economics
      requires MPT General - Scaled Score, score 152 or MPT - Advanced - Scaled Score, score 143 or ALEKS Math Placement Assessmnt, score 55 or Precalculus AP Exam (AP65), score 3 or College Algebra (CA), score 1.70 or Pre-Calculus 1 (PC1), score 1.70 or MATH 112
      - MATH 112 Functions and Algebraic Methods (shown above)
    - MATH 118 Accelerated Precalculus (shown above)
    - MATH 124 Calculus and Analytic Geometry I (shown above)
    - MATH 125 Calculus and Analytic Geometry II
      requires MATH 124 or MATH 134 or Calculus AB AP Exam (AP66), score 4 or Calculus BC AP Exam (AP68), score 3 or Calc AB Subscore AP Exm (AP69), score 4
      - MATH 124 Calculus and Analytic Geometry I (shown above)
      - MATH 134 Calculus I Honors (shown above)
    - MATH 134 Calculus I Honors (shown above)
    - MATH 135 Calculus II Honors
    - MATH 138 Accelerated Calculus
      requires Calculus AB AP Exam (AP66), score 4 or Calculus BC AP Exam (AP68), score 3 or Calc AB Subscore AP Exm (AP69), score 4 or (Calculus BC AP Exam (AP68), score 2 and Calc AB Subscore AP Exm (AP69), score 3)
    - MATH 115 Precalculus II (shown above)
    - MATH 157 Calculus with Applications to Business and Economics
      requires MPT - Advanced - Scaled Score, score 148 or MATH 156 or MATH 114 or MATH 118 or Pre-Calculus 2 (PC2), score 2.30 or ALEKS Math Placement Assessmnt, score 65 or Pre-Calculus 1 (PC1), score 2.3 or Pre-Calculus (PC), score 2.3 or Precalculus AP Exam (AP65), score 4 or Calculus AB AP Exam (AP66), score 2 or Calculus BC AP Exam (AP68), score 3 or Calc AB Subscore AP Exm (AP69), score 2
      - MATH 156 Algebra With Applications to Business and Economics (shown above)
      - MATH 114 Precalculus I (shown above)
      - MATH 118 Accelerated Precalculus (shown above)
  - CHEM 175 General Chemistry I, Honors
    requires MATH 114 or MATH 115 or MATH 118 or MATH 124 or MATH 125 or MATH 134 or MATH 135 or MATH 138 or MATH 156 or MATH 157 or Pre-Calculus 1 (PC1), score 1.70 or Pre-Calculus 2 (PC2), score 1.70 or Pre-Calculus (PC), score 1.70 or Precalculus AP Exam (AP65), score 4 or Calculus AB AP Exam (AP66), score 2 or Calculus BC AP Exam (AP68), score 3 or Calc AB Subscore AP Exm (AP69), score 2 or MPT General - Scaled Score, score 158 or MPT - Advanced - Scaled Score, score 149 or ALEKS Math Placement Assessmnt, score 65
    - MATH 114 Precalculus I (shown above)
    - MATH 115 Precalculus II (shown above)
    - MATH 118 Accelerated Precalculus (shown above)
    - MATH 124 Calculus and Analytic Geometry I (shown above)
    - MATH 125 Calculus and Analytic Geometry II (shown above)
    - MATH 134 Calculus I Honors (shown above)
    - MATH 135 Calculus II Honors (shown above)
    - MATH 138 Accelerated Calculus (shown above)
    - MATH 156 Algebra With Applications to Business and Economics (shown above)
    - MATH 157 Calculus with Applications to Business and Economics (shown above)
  - PSY 220 Behavioral Neuroscience
    requires PSY 101 or HNRS 204
    - PSY 101 Introduction to Psychology
    - HNRS 204 Colloquium in Psychology
  - HNRS 207 Colloquium in Behavioral Neuroscience
    requires PSY 101 or HNRS 204
    - PSY 101 Introduction to Psychology (shown above)
    - HNRS 204 Colloquium in Psychology (shown above)
- ESCI 340 Biostatistical Analysis
  requires (CHEM 123 or CHEM 163 or CHEM 225) and (BIOL 206 or PHYS 163)
  - CHEM 163 General Chemistry III
    requires CHEM 122 or CHEM 162
    - CHEM 162 General Chemistry II (shown above)
  - CHEM 225 General Chemistry III, Honors
    requires CHEM 126 or CHEM 176
    - CHEM 176 General Chemistry II, Honors (shown above)
  - BIOL 206 Introduction to Organismal Biology w/lab
    requires BIOL 205 and (CHEM 122 or CHEM 162 or CHEM 126 or CHEM 176) and (CHEM 123 or CHEM 163 or CHEM 225)
    - BIOL 205 Introduction to Cellular and Molecular Biology w/lab (shown above)
    - CHEM 162 General Chemistry II (shown above)
    - CHEM 176 General Chemistry II, Honors (shown above)
    - CHEM 163 General Chemistry III (shown above)
    - CHEM 225 General Chemistry III, Honors (shown above)
  - PHYS 163 Physics with Calculus III
    requires PHYS 162 and ((MATH 124 and MATH 125) or (MATH 134 and MATH 135) or MATH 138)
    - PHYS 162 Physics with Calculus II
      requires (PHYS 161 or HNRS 211) and ((MATH 124 and MATH 125) or (MATH 134 and MATH 135) or MATH 138)
      - PHYS 161 Physics with Calculus I
        requires MATH 124 or MATH 134 or MATH 138 or Calculus AB AP Exam (AP66), score 3 or Calculus BC AP Exam (AP68), score 3 or Calc AB Subscore AP Exm (AP69), score 3
        MATH 124 Calculus and Analytic Geometry I (shown above)
        MATH 134 Calculus I Honors (shown above)
        MATH 138 Accelerated Calculus (shown above)
      - HNRS 211 Colloquium in Physics
        requires MATH 124 or MATH 134 or MATH 138 or Calculus AB AP Exam (AP66), score 3 or Calculus BC AP Exam (AP68), score 3 or Calc AB Subscore AP Exm (AP69), score 3
        MATH 124 Calculus and Analytic Geometry I (shown above)
        MATH 134 Calculus I Honors (shown above)
        MATH 138 Accelerated Calculus (shown above)
      - MATH 124 Calculus and Analytic Geometry I (shown above)
      - MATH 125 Calculus and Analytic Geometry II (shown above)
      - MATH 134 Calculus I Honors (shown above)
      - MATH 135 Calculus II Honors (shown above)
      - MATH 138 Accelerated Calculus (shown above)
    - MATH 124 Calculus and Analytic Geometry I (shown above)
    - MATH 125 Calculus and Analytic Geometry II (shown above)
    - MATH 134 Calculus I Honors (shown above)
    - MATH 135 Calculus II Honors (shown above)
    - MATH 138 Accelerated Calculus (shown above)

From Banner's catalog for Spring 2027. Banner lists only the requisites it enforces, so check the catalog entry too.

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